① 乘法和除法的简便运算
特殊数字的简便运算
1、特殊数字的简便运算是指含有5,2或它们倍数的乘法运算,例如2x4x5x25这样的乘法运算,可以写成2x5x4x25=10x100=1000.
2、有些数字虽然不是2和5之类的数,但是可以写成因数相乘的形式,便于乘法运算。例如624x125=2x2x2x2x39x5x5x5=2x5x2x5x2x5x2x39=78000
3、需要记住2x5=10,4x25=100,8x125=1000这些常见的快速运算的式子。
首数相同尾数互补的乘法
1、尾数互补是指两个数的十位相同,尾数相加等于10,例如72x78就属于这一类。这种运算是初中所用到的十字相乘法有关,在小学范围只要知道方法,直接使用就可以。
2、它的运算方法是十位相乘,作为乘积的前两位。尾数相乘作为乘积的后两位,一定要注意特例,如果两个数中一个尾数是1,另一个尾数是9,这个时候十位要补个0例如61x69,答案不是369,乃是3609。
3、如果是三位数的话,前两位相乘,后面个位相乘直接放在后面,例如242x248,前面应该是24x25=600,后面应该是2x8=16,运算结果应该是60016。
小数除法的简便运算
小数除法的简便计算与整数除法的简便计算一样,用到的是除法性质。
除法性质1、A ÷ B ÷ C = A ÷ ( B × C )
如:42÷2.8 =42÷( 0.7 × 4 )= 42 ÷ 0.7 ÷ 4 = 60 ÷ 4 = 15
如:420÷2.5÷4 = 420÷(2.5×4 )= 420 ÷ 10 = 42
除法性质2、 (a-b)÷c=a÷c-b÷c
除法性质3、 A ÷ ( B ÷ C ) = A ÷ B × C
除法性质4、 A × ( B ÷ C ) = A × B ÷ C
② 简便运算4年级简便运算大全
280×36-360×18
=(280-180)×36
=100×36
=3600
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③ 简便计算方法
简便计算的方法一般有:
【加法简便计算】
加法交换律,加法结合律,
【乘法简便计算】
乘法交换律,乘法结合律,乘法分配律,
④ 简便计算大全
简便计算大全
(1)2.5*32*0.125
=(2.5*4)*(8*0.125)
=10*1
=10
(2)3.5-7+6.5
=3.5+6.5-7
=3
(3)1.2×2.5+0.8×2.5
=2.5(1.2+0.8)
=25
(4)8.9×1.25-0.9×1.25
=1.25(8.9-0.9)
=10
(5)12.5×7.4×0.8
=12.5×0.8×7.4
=74
(6)6.5×9.5+6.5×0.5
=6.5×(9.5+0.5)
=6.5×10
=65
(7)0.35×1.6+0.35×3.4
=0.35*(1.6+3.4)
=0.35*5
=1.75
(8)6.72-3.28-1.72
=6.75-(3.28+1.72)
=6.75-5
=1.75
(9)0.45+6.37+4.55
=0.45+4.55+6.37
=5+6.37
=11.37
(10)28×12.5-12.5×20
=(28-20)*12.5
=8*12.5
=100
(11)23.65-(3.07+3.65)
=23.65-3.65-3.07
=20-3.07
=16.93
(12)(4+0.4×0.25)8×7×1.25
=(4+1)*7*10
=5*7*10
=350
(13)1.65×99+1.65
=1.65*(99+1)
=1.65*100
=165
(14)27.85-(7.85+3.4)
=27.85-7.85+3.4
=20+3.4
=23.4
(15)48×1.25+50×1.25×0.2×8
7.8×9.9+0.78
=7.8*(9.9+0.1)
=7.8*10
=78
(16)4.8×46+4.8×54
=(46+54)*4.8
=100*4.8
=480
(17)673-327-173
=673-(327+173)
=673-500
=173
(18)4.44*2.5
=1.11*(4*2.5)
=1.11*10
=11.1
(19)3.5÷1.4
=(3.5÷0.7)÷(1.4÷0.7)
=5÷2
=2.5
(20)1+2+3+4+5......+99+100
=(1+99)+(2+98)+(3+97)+......+(49+51)+50
=(100÷2-1)*100+50
=4900+50
=4950⑴运用加法交换律进行简便计算。
0.88+5.6+0.12 1.78+3.5+0.22 5.6+2.08+14.4
=0.88+0.12+5.6 =1.78+0.22+3.5 =5.6+14.4+2.08
=1+5.6 =2+3.5 =20+2.08
=6.6 =5.5 =22.08
⑵运用加法结合律进行简便计算
2.3+(0.56+4.7) 28.6+0.54+0.46+1.4 5.82+4.56+5.44
=(2.3+4.7)+0.56 =(28.6+1.4)+(0.54+0.46) =5.82+(4.56+5.44)
=7+0.56 =30+1 =5.82+10
=7.56 =31 =15.82
⑶、运用乘法交换律进行简便计算。
25×0.37×0.4 7.5×0.39×4 6.5×1.1×4 1.25×3.9×0.8
=25×0.4×0.37 =7.5×4×0.39 =6.5×4×1.1 =1.25×0.8×3.9
=10×0.37 =30×0.39 =26×1.1 =1×3.9
=3.7 =11.7 =28.6 =3.9
⑷、运用乘法结合律进行简便计算。
1.9×7.5×8 6.2×0.8×2.5 4.3×1.5×6 4.1×3.5×2
=1.9×(7.5×8) =6.2×(0.8×2.5) =4.3×(1.5×6) =4.1×(3.5×2)
=1.9×60 =6.2×2 =4.3×9 =4.1×7
=114 =12.4 =38.7 =28.7
⑸、运用乘法分配律的加法进行简算。
13.6×4.6+4.6×6.4 0.72×23+77×0.72 2.6×32+32×2.4
=(13.6+6.4)×4.6 =(23+77)×0.72 =(2.6+2.4) ×32
=20×6.4 =100×0.72 =5×32
=128 =72 =160
⑹、运用乘法分配律的减法进行简算。
12×5.9-5.9×2 4.6×2.5-2.5×0.6 101×9.7-9.7
=(12-2) ×5.9 =(4.6-0.6)×2.5 =(101-1)×9.7
=(12-2) ×5.9 =(4.6-0.6)×2.5 =(101-1)×9.7
=10×5.9 =4×2.5 =100×9.7
=59 =10 =970
⑺、运用减法的运算规律进行简便计算。
1.8-0.45-0.55 54.4-4.6-5.4 35.6-0.13-0.47
=1.8-(0.45+0.55) =54.4-(4.6+5.4) =35.6-(0.13+0.47)
=1.8-1 =54.4-10 =35.6-0.6
=0.8 =44.4 =35
⑻、运用除法的运算规律进行简便计算。
4.5÷4÷7.5 14.8÷1.25÷8 18.5÷4÷1.25 5.4÷4÷0.45
=4.5÷(4×7.5) =14.8÷(1.25×8) =18.5÷(4×1.25) =5.4÷(4×0.45)
=4.5÷30 =14.8÷10 =18.5÷5 =5.4÷0.18
=0.15 =1.48 =3.7 =30
⑼综合运用各种运算定律进行简算。
2.54+2.46+0.44+0.54 10.7×0.4-6.7×0.4 0.5×3.2×1.25
=(2.54+2.46)+(0.44+0.54) =(10.7-6.7)×0.4 =(0.5×4)×(0.8×1.25)
=5+1 =4×0.4 =2×1
=6 =1.6 =2
89.7+5.8-9.7+4.2 99×0.38+0.38 360÷(18×0.4)
=(89.7-9.7)+(5.8+4.2) =(99+1) ×0.38 =360÷18÷0.4
=80+10 =100×0.38 =20÷0. 4
=90 =38 =50
4.8×12.5 2.5×1.6×12.5 3.2×102
=0.6×(8×12.5) =(2.5×0.2)×(8×12.5) =3.2×(100+2)
=0.6×100 =0.5×100 =3.2×100+3.2×2
=60 =50 =320+6.4
=326.4