A. 文言文的介词,连词,副词怎么判断
可以从介词,连词,副词的作用和所处的位置来区分。介词是介绍名词,代词给动词或形容词的,常用在名词,代词前。连词是连接两个相同的词或短语和句子的,常用在词与词,短语与短语,句子与句子之间。副词是用来修饰限制动词,形容词的,常用在动词或形容词前。如“以”,秦亦不以城予赵。“以”用在名词“城”前,介绍“城”给动词“予",是介词,译为“把”。还如,佘与四人拥火以入。"入”后省略了代词“.之",“以”连接两个动宾短语“拥火”与“入之”,是连词,表示承接,可不译。再如,固以怪之矣。用在形容词“怪"前,副词。通“已",译为“已经“。希望能帮到大家。
B. 请问有什么判断连接词应该使用关系代词还是关系副词还是介词+关系代词的简便方法吗谢谢!
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要 求用关系代词。例如:
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系 副词.先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,应选择关系代词;先行词在从句中作状语时,应选 择关系副词。
例如:(对)Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
(对)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
摘自网络
C. 定语从句连接词判断
定语从句连接词有
1.表示人或者物是用that或者which
2.表示人和物的时候只用that不用which
3.非限制性定语从句是用which
4.专指人的时候用that或者who/whom
D. 怎样区分介词和连词
介词和连词1.和、跟、同、与 有时是连词、有时是介词,属兼类词,很难区别。如: ①弟弟跟妹妹走了。(连词) ②弟弟跟妹妹借书。(介词) 区别的方法有三点: (1)连词前后成分平等,可以互换位置而语义基本不变。而介词前后成分有主有次,不能互换,否则意思全变了。如: ①弟弟跟妹妹走了。= 妹妹跟弟弟走了。 ②弟弟跟妹妹借书。≠ 妹妹跟弟弟借书。 (2)如果谓语前面可插入"都"、"全"、"一起"等词语,则"和、跟、同、与"必是连词。如: ①弟弟跟妹妹走了。= 妹妹跟弟弟都走了。 ②弟弟跟妹妹借书。≠ 妹妹跟弟弟都借书。 (3)如果"和、跟、同、与"前可插入某些副词状语(如"一直"、"总是"),则必是介词。如: ①弟弟跟妹妹走了。一*弟弟一直跟妹妹走了。 ②弟弟跟妹妹借书。一弟弟一直跟妹妹借书。2.因为、由于、为了 既是介词,用于单句中;又是连词,用于复句中。区分办法是:如果后面跟的是体词性词语,则为介词。如果后面跟的是谓词性词语,则为连词。如: ①由于工作关系,他在国外呆了三年。(介词) ②由于教练指导正确,因此大家进步很快。(连词) ③因为这件事,小王受到了表扬。(介词) ④因为小王救了人,所以他受到了表扬。(连词)
E. 如何辨别现代汉语的介词,副词和连词
“和、跟、与、同”在作连词的同时,也都可以用作介词。他们是连介兼类词。既然这四个词都是既可以作连词,又可以作介词,那么,我们怎么分辨呢?概括起来,大致可以从以下三方面辨析:
(1)连词“和”所连接的两个词语如果是联合关系,一般可以互换位置而句子的基本意思不变。介词“和”的前后两个名词性词语没有直接的语法关系,不能互换位置。
如:《红楼梦》和《水浒》都是古典名着。(可以互换位置而句子的基本意思不变)
我和他谈了这件事。(不能互换位置)
(2)介词“和”前面可以出现状语,连词“和”之前不能出现状语。
我和他谈了这件事。——我〔几天前〕〔曾经〕〔和他〕谈了这件事。
(3)连词“和”有的可以略去,介词“和”不能略去或改用顿号。
《红楼梦》、《水浒》都是古典名着。
为了准确地表达思想,避免歧义,在我国宪法里用“和”作连词,用“同”或“跟”作介词。例如:
我国根据平等、互利、互相尊重主权和领土完整的原则同其他国家建立和发展外交关系。
可见,如果一起使用,一般习惯是把“和”用作连词,“同”用作介词。比如:
小王同小张和小李吵了一架。小李和小张同小王吵了一架。
F. 英语定语从句中如何判断使用连接词
定语从句简单记忆方法:
先行词表时间,用when=on/
in
which
先行词表地点,用where=in/at
which
先行词表原因,用why
=for
which
以上三个与which,that
的区别:
如果后面是完整的句子,不能用that,
which,
因为that,which
在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
G. 初中英语语法填空考连词,如何判断
此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种,一是词的形、数、式的变化,一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题,看是否需要使用复合的变化形式,这一点是很重要的。
技巧一名词形式变化
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例:There are many students living at school,the(child) houses are all far from schoo1.
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数,且作为houses的定语,所以应用其所有格形式,故答案为child的复合变化形式—— 复数的所有格children’s。
技巧二动词形式变化
动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气),有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。
例:A talk(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is written是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出,报告是“将来”作的,故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。
技巧三代词形式变化
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类,即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化,如no one/none、other/another等。
例:The king decided to see the painter by(he).
由介词by可以看出,横线处应填反身代词himself。
技巧四形容词、副词比较级变化
英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式,或通过加后缀一er和.est,或在词前Imore/less和most/least,且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。
例:I am— —(tall)than Liu Wen.He is the tallest students in my class.
此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生,那“我”肯定比他矮,所以不能用taller,只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
H. 像which what等连接词怎样判断
定语从句及相关术语:
1.定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
注:关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。
4.定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
先行词:被限制或修饰的主句的主语。
(一) 限定性定语从句
一、关系代词(在句中作主语、宾语或定语)
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg:this is the book (which)you want。]而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等,这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。
二、关系副词(在句中作状语)
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=ring/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
1. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句。
2. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。
3. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。
(二)非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
4. 有时as也可用作关系代词
5. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用关系副词why和关系代词that,而用who, whom代表人,用which,whose代表事物.;
(三)关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。(注:who和whom已无太大区别,可以通用。)
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.
如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
(四)注意
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时
从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意:1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T=正确)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F=错误)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
关系代词
关系代词(一般情况下)that 可用who ,whom 和which在从句做主语,谓动词的宾语,但是不能做介词的宾语
which指物,在从句中作主语,谓语或宾语;
who在从句中作主语;
whom在从句中宾语;
where在从句中修饰表地点的名词,做地点状语;
when在从句中通常修饰表时间的名词,做时间状语;
why在从句中做原因状语,先行词通常是"reason"
有时why也可用for+which代替。
例:A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.
先行词 主语 谓语 宾语
定语从句修饰先行词
(五)关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
(六)判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案:
例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,is后应跟表语,只有the one可以,而后面的you visited a few days ago则做one的定语从句。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose);
先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。
(七)介词+关系词
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3) 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
This is the reason why he came late.
This is the reason for which he came late.
(八)先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了,是名词性从句。因为定语从句一定要有先行词,而名词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后,才是定语从句,先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。
(九)as,which引导的非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。
which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法例
1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;
例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。
一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分
1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分,如:
My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is.
在一定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom.
2. 动词短语先行成分
这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替。
注:what不属于关系代词或关系副词,常用于宾语从句。
I. 文言文的介词,连词,副词怎么判断最好能举
文言文介词最明的显特征是“介入”一个表示时间、地点、形式、条件、程度的名词,或第三方人物、事物、工具、途径、方式等,组成“介宾结构”充当状语,用来限制或修饰谓语中心词,并且这种介宾结构状语后置。常见的有:于(于)、乎、以、因、由、为、自、从、与、及等等。
例如:拾于野(在野外捡的);晓之以理(用道理说服他);产自西域(西域出产)……
文言连词与现代汉语用法类同,只是所用的词(字)存在差别。只要很好地掌握了现代汉语的连词,对文言文来说不存在问题。
文言副词与连词的情况相同,与现代汉语的连词一样,仅仅是词(字)有差别。例如,现代汉语的“很”,文言文用“甚”。
在上述三中虚词中,关键在于介词。
J. 关于连词的判断
我明白你说的意思.
判断的关键在于它与哪一部分联系的比较紧密.
be good at 是一个词组,意为“在某方面擅长”.at 与be good 联系紧密,也就是与前面联系紧密.所以除去这个短语只剩“English than Chinese.”看到真正并列的部分其实只是两个名词.
in spring 和 in summer 是时间状语,是一个联系紧密的整体结构,也就是in 这个介词与后面联系紧密.所以除去“I will go out”只剩两个并列的介词 “in spring rather than in summer”
--Will