英漢詞彙層面翻譯的常用方法

1. 英譯漢常用的方法和技巧

英譯漢常用的方法和技巧

引導語：英譯漢常用的方法和技巧，由應屆畢業生培訓網整理而成，謝謝您的閱讀，祝您閱讀愉快。

一、 詞義的選擇、引申和褒貶

1.一詞多義(Polysemy)

regular

regular reading / regular job / regular flight / regular visitor / regular speed / regular army / gasoline

delicate

delicate skin / porcelain / upbringing / living / health / stomach / vase / diplomatic question / difference / surgical operation / ear for music / sense of smell / touch / food

2.注意有線詞的詞義

He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.

He now saw plainly the meaning of all. In the beginning, he had got a job the first day; but now he was second-hand, a damaged article, and they did not want him. They had got the best out of him, and now they had thrown him away. The situation had now become desperate. Then came another incident.

3.詞義的引申(Extension or Generalization)

1) Extend the word meaning to cover an abstraction concept

His novel is a mirror of the times.

The OED is the final court of appeal in all matters concerning English words.

Sam knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine.

2) Extend the word meaning to cover a specific concept

In two years, he was a national phenomenon.

Public opinion is demanding more and more that something be done about noise.

Mary’s father, by his first marriage, had a daughter, Jane, Mary’s half-sister.

4.詞義的'褒貶(Commendatory and Derogatory)

The reckless driver died in the traffic accident.

Poor Joe’s panic lasted for two or three days; ring which he did not visit the house.

It was time to hold a court and the subject for discussion was the future of that prisoner.

John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well.

The invaders met a stubborn resistance from the local people.

She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone.

5.Exercises

I have no opinion of that sort of man.

She put five dollars into my hand. “You have been a great man today.”

I’m afraid you’re being too particular about your food.

I was the youngest son, and the youngest but two.

The picture flattered her.

The country not agreeing with her, she returned to England.

二、 詞類轉譯法

(一)轉譯成動詞

(1)名詞轉譯動詞(Convert nouns into verbs)

My admiration for him grew more.

He said he did not know whether Tom was ready for a showdown.

To some extent it gets into the question of the chicken or the egg.

The Nobel prizes in physics and chemistry were rewarded to Americans, giving the U.S. a clean sweep of all the 1976 Nobel prizes in the sciences.

Television is the transmission and reception of image of moving objects by radio waves.

In the absence of friction, the vehicle could not even be started.

Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.

I am no drinker, nor smoker.

The application of electronic computers makes a tremendous rise in labor proctivity.

(2)介詞轉譯成動詞(Convert prepositions into verbs)

There are many substances through which electric currents will not flow at all.

We are fortunate in our opponent.

Captain Ford was between the sheets by 9 last night.

The most he is after at this time is a chance to get more money.

I tried to talk him out of the idea, but he was unpleasant.

Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.

“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.

(3)形容詞轉譯成動詞(Convert adjectives into verbs)

He said the meeting was informative.

They were news-hungry.

It was a very informative meeting.

(4)副詞轉譯成動詞(Convert adverbs into verbs)

The experiment in chemistry was ten minutes behind.

It has snowed over.

Why should we let in foreign goods when Americans walk the streets because they can’t sell their own goods?

(二)轉譯成名詞

(1)動詞轉譯成名詞(Convert verbs into nouns)

She knows what’s what.

They thought differently.

TV differs from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.

The computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computations.

He roared, which threatened his enemies away.

The man I saw at the party looked and talked like an American.

(2)形容詞轉譯成名詞

The new treaty would be good for ten years.

The language of the poem is colloquial, yet it’s deep in its understanding of human emotions.

Then the monkeys were trained according to different plans so as to make them highly indivialized.

Everyday experience shows us that heavy objects are more stable than light ones.

(三)轉譯成形容詞

名詞轉譯成形容詞

Their physical experiment was a success.

The nuclear power system designed in China is of great precision.

Said a New York bullion trader, “The market’s gone banana.”

He found on this issue, as on Taiwan, an identity of approach.

In Europe, his name was well known, if not a household word.

(四)其他詞類轉譯

副詞轉譯成名詞

The air-conditioning unit is shown schematically on Page 2.

Oxygen is one of the important elements in the physical world, it is very active chemically.

The image must be dimensionally correct.

三、被動語態的譯法

(一)大量的英語被動句要化成漢語的主動句

1. He said the pact had now been reced to less than a shadow.

2. She had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on these reported plans.

3. What has just been written runs the risk of oversimplification.

4. Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market.

(二)以by為著眼點，進行多種譯文

1. But real influence is not built up by striking attitude or by throwing insults.

2. Its sincerity is illustrated not only by its proposal but also by its deeds.

3. What I like best are the stern cliffs, with ranges of mountains soaring behind them, full of possibilities, peaks to be scaled only by the most daring.

4. Many expect that he will be outed by one of his rivals.

5. He said he was assured by the State Department that the U.S. is willing to normalize relations with his country.

(三)“it + be + p.p. + that clause”的句型，常以下列形式表達

1. It should be noted that he and she were academically more than just friends.

2. It should be understood that to err is human.

(四)漢譯中需用被動式時，也最好多找一些字眼來取代“被”字

1. The visitor was flattered and impressed.

2. Everybody was fed up with her gossip.

3. He was set upon by two naked men.

4. If the expenditure is really necessary, the money can be found somehow.

5. He was released immediately after Batista fled Cuba.

四、增詞法

(一)名詞、動名詞前增補動詞

1. We often go to the school-run factory for labor.

2. Testing is a complicated problem and long experience is required for its mastery.

(二)英語抽象名詞的翻譯

1. He was still reluctant to talk substance.

2. Many changes take place ring the transformation.

3. Her indifference kept all the visitors away from the exhibition hall.

4. From the evaporation of water people know that liquid can turn into gases under certain conditions.

(三)將具體形象的詞譯成該形象所具有的屬性和特徵，這是一種引申，需增詞

1. It was a Godsend to him.

2. If you dare to play the fox with me, I’ll shoot you at once.

(四)增添“概括”性的詞

1. He had slept there before, in July and again in October.

2. Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health.

3. The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area.

4. Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

5. This report summed up the achievements in technology and ecation.

(五)英文中為避免重復而省略之詞，漢譯時需補上，作必要的重復

1. I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.

(六)漢譯文根據原文意思增加一些必要的解釋性文字

1. And he launched into a speech, eloquently advocating his university of the future.

2. Those were the words that were to make the world blossom for, “like Aaron’s rod, with flowers”.

(七)增補量詞

1. Repeat the experiment using a wooden ruler, a piece of glass, a metal spoon, a coin, a piece of paper, a pin, a plastic comb, a key, a pencil, a tin lid and a rubber eraser.

2. On April 24th 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made earth satellite.

(八)增補表示復數含義的詞

1. But that the old workers helped us, we should have failed.

2. The moving parts of a machine are often oiled so that friction may be greatly reced.

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2. 英語中的翻譯技巧總結

英語中的翻譯技巧總結

英漢兩種語言在句法、詞彙、修辭等方面均存在著很大的差異，因此在進行英漢互譯時必然會遇到很多困難，需要有一定的翻譯技巧作指導。

1了解漢英差異，知己知彼，譯出地道譯文

漢語重意合，以片語、散句和分句為手段，習慣按照時間、邏輯順序進行橫排式表述，其內部邏輯關系“含而不露”，甚至斷句不嚴，外形鬆散，因此漢語常被稱為時間型的動態結構，主要體現為形式自由、富於彈性。而英語則以“主—謂”的主幹結構為中心來統領各語言成分，句界分明，外形嚴謹。因此，在漢譯英時，譯文在邏輯和形式上都應體現出英語的特點。

2熟知五大單句句型，理清句子主幹和修飾成分

了解漢英差異後，考生應熟知英語中最基本的5大單句句型，它們分別是：

① S+V(主語+動詞)S：主語

② S+V+C(主語+動詞+補語)V：動詞

③ S+V+O(主語+動詞+賓語)O：賓語

④ S+V+O+O(主語+動詞+賓語+賓語)C：補語

⑤ S+V+O+C(主語+動詞+賓語+補語)

例子：

① John’s grandfather died yesterday. (約翰的祖父昨天去世了。)

② John’s grandfather is very handsome. (約翰的祖父很帥氣。)

③ This killer killed John’s grandfather yesterday. (殺手昨天殺死了約翰的祖父。)

④ John’s grandfather gave him a dog. (約翰的祖父給他只狗。)

⑤ John’s grandfather called him a dog. (約翰的祖父罵他是只狗)

在漢譯英時，不管漢語句子如何復雜，首先要考慮英語的基本組句框架。這些最基本的框架可以變換，可以組合，但不能突破。組織英語句子時，始終不能脫離 “主—謂”主幹這一總框架，然後在進行相應的時態變化、語態變化、句式轉換(肯定式、否定式、疑問式、強調句式及倒裝句式等)，增加定語、狀語修飾成分、插入語等。

3以意群為單位斷句，巧妙處理長短句

考生在做漢譯英時，當漢語句子由多個分句構成，且句意聯系緊密時，應首先確立句子的主幹及句型，其他分句以定語(從句)、狀語(從句)、非謂語成分、介詞片語、獨立結構等成分表示;當漢語句子較長時，可以意群為單位進行斷句，譯成小短句，避免出錯的同時確保譯文言簡意賅、層次分明。

4善用技巧，攻克詞語翻譯

1) 詞義選擇

所謂詞義選擇，是指詞有多個意思，但是要求我們將其在特定場合的正確意思選出來。正確選詞是保證譯文質量的重要環節，如果能做到在詞語意義和字面形式上都對等當然最好，如果不能兼顧，則取意義，舍形式。越是普通的詞，越是擁有繁多的釋義和搭配，翻譯過程中的詞義也就越難以確定。選詞時，要注意詞義的廣狹、所處的語境、詞的褒貶和感情色彩。

例如：

剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。 Paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere.

“增加”在此處實際是“加強”的意思，而非我們平常所指的“數量增多”的含義，因此不宜譯成increase，翻譯為enhance更恰當。

2) 詞類轉換

詞類轉換是漢譯英常用的一種手段。漢語具有動態性和具體性的特點，在語言運用上多用動詞。英語則具有靜態性和抽象性的特點，在語言使用上呈現出名詞化和介詞化傾向。在漢譯英過程中，適當轉換詞性，可以使譯文更符合英語的表達習慣。

① 動詞→名詞

漢語中動詞使用比較頻繁，而且漢語動詞既沒有時態變化的約束，也沒有謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的形式之分，動詞甚至可以充當句子的任何成分。然而，英語動詞的使用則受到形態變化規則的嚴格限制。一個句子有且只有一個謂語動詞，大量原本應該由動詞表達的概念，常常需要藉助於名詞來表達，因為名詞比較不受形態規則變化的束縛，使用起來相對靈活、方便。

例如：

吃頭兩個主菜時，也是贊不絕口。 You will be full of praise while eating the first two main courses.

英語中有大量抽象名詞表示行為或動作意義。如advice, agreement, inheritance, knowledge, praise, use等。漢譯英時，藉助抽象名詞表達特定的行為動作，譯文也會顯得更為地道。

② 動詞→介詞

介詞與名詞密切相關，英語名詞的廣泛使用使得介詞也頻繁出現。而且英語中有些介詞本身是由動詞演變而來的，具有動詞的特徵。因此，漢譯英時，有些動詞可以用介詞短語來表達。

例如：

人們常用剪紙美化居家環境。 People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.

③ 動詞→形容詞

漢語的一些動詞也常常可以用英語的形容詞來表達，這些形容詞通常是與動詞同源的詞(如dreamful，doubtful，sympathetic等)，這樣的譯文有時比直接使用動詞顯得更地道、更標准。

例如：

在明朝和清朝時期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特別流行。 It was widespread particularly ring the Ming and Qing dynasties.

④ 形容詞或副詞→名詞

由於語法結構和修辭的需要，漢語的形容詞和副詞也可以譯為英語的名詞。

例如：

……只有這些生靈自由自在地享受著這個黃昏。 …leaving these living things to enjoy this moment of sk with full ease and freedom.

⑤ 名詞→動詞

在有些情況下，漢語的名詞可以用英語的動詞來表達，此時漢語中修飾名詞的形容詞也隨之改為英語中作狀語使用的副詞。

例如：

大自然對人的恩賜，無論貧富，一律平等。 People, poor or rich, are equally favored by nature.

3) 詞的增補

① 語法需要

由於漢英兩種語言的差異，漢譯英時往往需要補充漢語原文為了語言簡潔而省去的詞語或沒有的詞類，以使譯文符合英語語法的要求。增補的詞多為冠詞(英語所特有)、代詞或名詞(充當句子的主語、賓語、定語等成分)、連詞和介詞等。

例如：

農業社會的人比工業社會的人享受差得多，因此慾望也小得多。 People in the agriculture society enjoyed far less than people in the instry society, thus their desires are far less either.

英語中用得最多的介詞有九個：at，by，for，from，in，of，on，to和with。這些介詞是英語句子的重要紐帶，在英語中起著極其重要的作用。漢譯英時，要根據上下文搭配靈活地選擇介詞。

② 意思表達需要

例如：

這是黃河灘上的一幕。 This is a scene taking place on the shore of the Yellow River.

在翻譯時，增譯taking place短語，使譯文表達更為生動貼切。

③ 文化背景解釋的需要

中西文化差異的存在使得英語和漢語包含著許多文化色彩濃厚且不易被譯文讀者所理解的.詞語。因此在翻譯過程中需要使用增詞譯法，把相關文化背景知識翻譯出來。

例如：

三個臭皮匠，勝過諸葛亮。 The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses that of Zhuge Liang， the master mind.

4) 詞的減省

所謂詞的減省，就是指翻譯時，把原文中一些僅僅為了語法上的需要而存在的詞、片語加以適當省略，從而達到譯文通順、意思完整及句子精練的目的。漢語中重復的部分可以是主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語等，在譯成英語時需適當刪減，以保持句子的通順。例如：

於是轉喜為怒，轉贊美為責備挑剔，轉首肯為搖頭。 Then happiness turns to anger, praise to scolding and nit-picking, and head-nodding to head-shaking.(刪減重復的謂語動詞)

5) 詞的替代

重復是漢語常用的一種語篇銜接手段，雖然英語中也有重復，但多是利用詞語的重復來體現語義強調或進行語言潤色。漢語以重復見長，英語則以省略見長。故而在漢譯英時，可採用替代的方法來避免重復。在英語中主要有三種替代現象：名詞成分替代、謂語成分替代和分句替代。

5譯後檢查，調整語序

1) 定語的位置

漢語的定語常放在中心語前;而英語的定語位置分為兩種：前置和後置。單詞充當定語時通常放在被修飾的中心語之前;而短語和從句作定語則多放在所修飾的中心語之後。

2) 狀語的位置

漢語常把狀語放在被修飾的成分前面，但英語中狀語的位置則分為幾種情況：單詞作狀語修飾形容詞或其他狀語時，常前置;表示程度的狀語修飾其他狀語時，可前置或後置;單詞作狀語修飾動詞時，多放在動詞之後;短語或從句作狀語時，可放在被修飾部分之前或之後。

3) 漢英敘事重心不同

漢語先敘事，然後表態或評論，以此來突出話題，這種句子被稱為主題句。而英語則先表態或進行評論，而後再敘事，以突出主語。

4) 強弱詞語的順序不同

表示感情色彩的輕重、強弱時，漢語將重的內容、強的詞語放在前面;英語將語義輕的內容、弱的詞語放在前面，基本原則是前輕後重，前簡後繁。

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3. 英語翻譯的十大技巧

英漢兩種語言在名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞和冠詞的使用 方法 上也存在很大差別。英語中代詞使用頻率較高，凡說到人的器官和歸某人所有的或與某人有關的事物時，必須在前面加上物主代詞。那麼接下來給大家分享一些關於英語翻譯的十大技巧，希望對大家有所幫助。

英語翻譯的十大技巧

一、增譯法：指根據英漢兩種語言不同的 思維方式 、語言習慣和表達方式，在翻譯時增添一些詞、短句或 句子 ，以便更准確地表達出原文所包含的意義。這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。漢語無主句較多，而英語句子一般都要有主語，所以在翻譯漢語無主句的時候，除了少數可用英語無主句、被動語態或「There be…」結構來翻譯以外，一般都要根據語境補出主語，使句子完整。

二、省譯法：這是與增譯法相對應的一種翻譯方法，即刪去不符合目 標語 思維習慣、語言習慣和表達方式的詞，以避免譯文累贅。增譯法的例句反之即可。

三、轉換法：指翻譯過程中為了使譯文符合目標語的表述方式、方法和習慣而對原句中的詞類、句型和語態等進行轉換。具體的說，就是在詞性方面，把名詞轉換為代詞、形容詞、動詞;把動詞轉換成名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞;把形容詞轉換成副詞和 短語 。在句子成分方面，把主語變成狀語、定語、賓語、表語;把謂語變成主語、定語、表語;把定語變成狀語、主語;把賓語變成主語。在句型方面，把並列句變成復合句，把復合句變成並列句，把狀語從句變成定語從句。在語態方面，可以把主動語態變為被動語態。

四、拆句法和合並法：這是兩種相對應的翻譯方法。拆句法是把一個長而復雜的句子拆譯成若干個較短、較簡單的句子，通常用於英譯漢;合並法是把若干個短句合並成一個長句，一般用於漢譯英。漢語強調意合，結構較鬆散，因此簡單句較多;英語強調形合，結構較嚴密，因此長句較多。所以漢譯英時要根據需要注意利用連詞、分詞、介詞、不定式、定語從句、獨立結構等把漢語短句連成長句;而英譯漢時又常常要在原句的關系代詞、關系副詞、主謂連接處、並列或轉折連接處、後續成分與主體的連接處，以及意群結束處將長句切斷，譯成漢語分句。這樣就可以基本保留英語語序，順譯全句，順應現代漢語長短句相替、單復句相間的句法修辭原則。

五、正譯法和反譯法：這兩種方法通常用於漢譯英，偶爾也用於英譯漢。所謂正譯，是指把句子按照與漢語相同的語序或表達方式譯成英語。所謂反譯則是指把句子按照與漢語相反的語序或表達方式譯成英語。正譯與反譯常常具有同義的效果，但反譯往往更符合英語的思維方式和表達習慣。因此比較地道。

六、倒置法：在漢語中，定語修飾語和狀語修飾語往往位於被修飾語之前;在英語中，許多修飾語常常位於被修飾語之後，因此翻譯時往往要把原文的語序顛倒過來。倒置法通常用於英譯漢, 即對英語長句按照漢語的習慣表達法進行前後調換，按意群或進行全部倒置，原則是使漢語譯句安排符合現代漢語論理敘事的一般邏輯順序。有時倒置法也用於漢譯英。

七、包孕法：這種方法多用於英譯漢。所謂包孕是指在把英語長句譯成漢語時，把英語後置成分按照漢語的正常語序放在中心詞之前，使修飾成分在漢語句中形成前置包孕。但修飾成分不宜過長，否則會形成拖沓或造成漢語句子成分在連接上的糾葛。

八、插入法：指把難以處理的句子成分用破折號、括弧或前後逗號插入譯句中。這種方法主要用於筆譯中。偶爾也用於口譯中，即用同位語、插入語或定語從句來處理一些解釋性成分。

九、重組法：指在進行英譯漢時，為了使譯文流暢和更符合漢語敘事論理的習慣，在捋清英語長句的結構、弄懂英語原意的基礎上，徹底擺脫原文語序和句子形式，對句子進行重新組合。

十、綜合法：是指單用某種翻譯技巧無法譯出時，著眼篇章，以邏輯分析為基礎，同時使用轉換法、倒置法、增譯法、省譯法、拆句法等多種翻譯技巧的方法。

如何 學習英語 翻譯

一、翻譯是把一種語言所承載的信息用另一種語言盡可能恰當而准確地表達出來的跨 文化 信息傳遞活動，其本質是信息傳遞。從形式上看，翻譯活動的確需要涉及兩種語言文字之間的轉換，而在實質上，在翻譯活動的過程中，兩種語言文字本身的表現形式之間沒有直接的對應關系，譯者是信息傳遞者，其所從事的活動絕不是簡單、機械的兩種語言文字之間的對應轉換，而是藉助語言這個信息載體的轉換而進行的跨文化信息傳遞活動。

譯者的工作對象是具有不同文化傳統背景的兩種語言及其使用者。那麼，我們這里所說的跨文化信息傳遞活動，就是指譯者在翻譯的過程中，通過原語解讀作者寄載於原文的各種信息，並通過譯語把原文所承載的各種信息傳遞給譯語讀者，也就是譯者藉助兩種語言作為信息載體，把原語作者明確表達的和隱含其中的消息、思想、觀點、意志、情感等各種信息傳遞給譯語讀者。

這個活動涉及三個主體：原語作者、原語讀者/譯者、譯語讀者(這里的原語作者、原語讀者/譯者、譯語讀者也分別指原語說話人、原語受話人/譯者、譯語受話人，以後不再贅述)。首先，原語作者作為信息傳遞者，將自己頭腦中產生的信息，以符合原語文化傳統規約的表達模式寄載於原語文字(有人認為，從廣義上講，這個過程也是一種翻譯過程);第二，譯者作為特殊的原語讀者，即信息接收者，通過原語載體獲取原語作者傳遞的信息;第三，譯者作為信息傳遞者，將其從原文獲取的信息以符合譯語文化傳統規約的表達模式寄載於譯語文字;最後，譯語讀者通過譯語載體獲取原語作者傳遞的信息。

可以看出，翻譯活動始終是圍繞著跨文化信息傳遞這個中心來進行的。因此，要想學好英語翻譯，了解翻譯的信息傳遞本質，認識自己在翻譯這個跨文化信息傳遞活動中的作用，至關重要。

二、翻譯質量的優劣，取決於譯者通過原語獲取信息的能力和通過譯語傳遞信息的能力。譯者必須在充分而准確地理解並獲取原文所承載的顯性信息和各種隱性信息的基礎上，盡可能恰當而准確地用譯語將原語作者意欲表達的各種信息比較完整或曰忠實地傳遞給譯語讀者。雖然絕對意義上的「完整」或「忠實」往往是不可能實現的，但是盡可能減少信息衰減，盡可能避免不必要的信息冗餘，是譯者義不容辭的責任。

一般說來，原文作者在將信息寄載於原語文字時，總是會預設其確定的讀者對象能夠根據各種共有的知識和 經驗 ，推理明了其意欲傳遞的信息，包括語言文字本身體現出的表層的顯性信息和伴隨的隱形信息。因此，譯者作為一名特殊的讀者，要想比較充分而准確地獲取原文承載的各種信息，就應當注重知識和經驗的積累，在翻譯實踐活動的過程中努力發揮相應的推理能力。

譯者在將其從原語獲取的各種信息寄載於譯語時，需仔細分析兩種語言載體在表達方式上的差異，避免受到兩種語言文字表現形式本身的束縛，應根據具體情況，以信息傳遞為中心，在譯文里對各種信息的比重進行恰當的調整，以便按照符合譯語文化傳統規約的表達方式，來確定譯文中比較恰當的文字表現形式，來安排譯文信息層次的順序，使讀者能夠以最小的認知努力來獲取最佳的語境效果，從而能夠比較充分而准確地獲取原文作者意欲表達的信息。

三、作為一名譯者，應當自覺地培養自己的翻譯意識。也就是說，譯者應當在了解翻譯的信息傳遞本質，熟悉翻譯涉及到的兩種語言信息傳遞機制的基本特徵及本質性差異的前提下，通過翻譯實踐活動，有意識地去體會翻譯，認識翻譯，提高自己作為譯者的自覺意識，從而在翻譯實踐活動的過程中能夠做到心中有數，知道自己應該怎麼做，為什麼應該這么做，可以怎麼做，為什麼可以這么做。

英語翻譯學習技巧

一. 翻譯的技巧

沒有技巧，只有一個熟字。華羅庚說過，「苦幹猛干埋頭干，熟能生出百巧來」。語法根基深厚，詞彙量大，對專業詞彙掌握得熟，自然就能駕輕就熟，怎麼玩兒怎麼轉。簡單地說，基本功扎實就是技巧。

二. 翻譯中最重要的項目

語法、詞彙和專業知識。語法是最重要的，初中和高中學到的核心的東西其實就是語法。如果語法不好，和老外交流可能會很順暢，但是做翻譯不行，翻譯不僅要求能讓讀者明白意思，而且要專業，英孚英語這個必不可少。

三. 翻譯中的語法

語法就是公式。為什麼很多譯員朋友喜歡做漢譯英而不喜歡做英譯漢?就是因為漢譯英的有公式可套，英譯漢的沒有公式可套。

四. 評價一份稿件的翻譯質量

1.符合邏輯;2.沒有語法錯誤;3.專業知識無錯誤。做到了這三點，一篇譯稿的質量就保證住了，如果對語言的駕馭能力強，文采飛揚，行雲流水，那當然就最好不過了。

五.做到譯文順暢的方法

採取意譯。有些譯文讀起來晦澀難懂，但參照原文卻又找不出什麼錯誤，這就是直譯較多的緣故。直譯會讓人一讀就知道這是一篇譯稿，用行話說這叫翻譯痕跡太重。

英語翻譯的十大技巧相關 文章 ：

★ 英語翻譯中常用的十種技巧大盤點

★ 英語翻譯的方法與技巧

★ 學好英語的十大建議和方法

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★ 切記:英語翻譯的十大誤區

★ 學好英語的八大技巧

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★ 10大優秀英語作文寫作技巧,請收藏!

4. 最常用的十大翻譯技巧

最常用的十大翻譯技巧

英漢兩種語言在句法、詞彙、修辭等方面均存在著很大的差異，因此在進行英漢互譯時必然會遇到很多困難，需要有一定的翻譯技巧作指導，才能做好翻譯工作，那麼具體有哪些技巧呢?

一、省譯法

這是與增譯法相對應的一種翻譯方法，即刪去不符合目標語思維習慣、語言習慣和表達方式的詞，以避免譯文累贅。增譯法的例句反之即可。

又如：

1.You will be staying in this hotel ring your visit in Beijing.

你在北京訪問期間就住在這 家飯店裡。(省譯物主代詞)

2.I hope you will enjoy your stay here.

希望您在這兒過得愉 快。(省譯物主代詞)

3.中國政府歷來重視環境保護工作。

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省譯名詞)

二、轉換法

指翻譯過程中為了使譯文符合目標語的表述方式、方法和習慣而對原句中的詞類、句型和 語態等進行轉換。具體的說，就是在詞性方面，把名詞轉換為代詞、形容詞、動詞;把動詞轉換成名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞;把形容詞轉換成副詞和短語。在句子 成分方面，把主語變成狀語、定語、賓語、表語;把謂語變成主語、定語、表語;把定語變成狀語、主語;把賓語變成主語。在句型方面，把並列句變成復合句，把 復合句變成並列句，把狀語從句變成定語從句。在語態方面，可以把主動語態變為被動語態。

如：

1.我們學院受教委和 市政府的雙重領導。

Our institute is co-administrated by the States Ecation Commission and the municipal government. (名詞轉動詞)

2.Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.

孩子們看電視過多會大大地損壞視力。(名詞轉動詞)

3.由於我們實行了改革開放政策，我國的綜合國力有了明顯的增強。

Thanks to the introction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. (動詞轉名詞)

4.I’m all for you opinion.

我完全贊成你的意見。(介詞轉動詞)

5.The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.

改革開放政策受到了全中 國人民的擁護。(動詞轉名詞)

6.In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment.

作者在文章中，對人類疏忽 自身環境作了批評。(形容詞轉名詞)

7.In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.

在有些歐洲國家裡，人民 享受最廣泛的社會福利，如醫療保險等。(被動語態轉主動語態)

8.時間不早了，我們回去吧!

We don’t have much time left. Let’s go back. (句型轉換)

9.學生們都應該德、 智、體全面發展。

All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically. (名詞轉副詞)

三、增譯法

指根據英漢 兩種語言不同的思維方式、語言習慣和表達方式，在翻譯時增添一些詞、短句或句子，以便更准確地表達出原文所包含的意義。這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。漢語無 主句較多，而英語句子一般都要有主語，所以在翻譯漢語無主句的時候，除了少數可用英語無主 句、被動語態或"There be…"結構來翻譯以外，一般都要根據語境補出主語，使句子完整。英漢兩種語言在名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞和冠詞的使用方法上也存在很大差別。英語中代詞使 用頻率較高，凡說到人的器官和歸某人所有的或與某人有關的事物時，必須在前面加上物主代詞。因此，在漢譯英時需要增補物主代詞，而在英譯漢時又需要根據情 況適當地刪減。英語詞與詞、片語與片語以及句子與句子的邏輯關系一般用連詞來表示，而漢語則往往通過上下文和語序來表示這種關系。因此，在漢譯英時常常需 要增補連詞。英語句子離不開介詞和冠詞。另外，在漢譯英時還要注意增補一些原文中暗含而沒有明言的詞語和一些概括性、注釋性的詞語，以確保譯文意思的完 整。總之，通過增譯，一是保證譯文語法結構的完整，二是保證譯文意思的明確。

如：

1.What about calling him right away?

馬上給他打個電話，你覺得如何? (增譯主語和謂語)

2.If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.

要是我能看到四個現代化實 現該有多好啊!(增譯主句)

3. Indeed, the reverse is true

實際情況恰好相反。(增 譯名詞)

4.就是法西斯國家本國的人民也被剝奪了人權。

Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增譯物主代詞)

5.只許州官放火，不許 百姓點燈。

While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增譯連詞)

6.這是我們兩國人民的 又一個共同點。

This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增譯介詞)

7.在人權領域，中國反對以大欺小、以強凌弱。

In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增譯暗含詞語)

8.三個臭皮匠，合成一 個諸葛亮。

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增譯注釋性詞語)

四、拆句法和合並法

拆句法和合並法：這是兩種相對應的翻譯方法。拆句法是把一個長而復雜的句子拆譯成若干個較 短、較簡單的句子，通常用於英譯漢;合並法是把若干個短句合並成一個長句，一般用於漢譯英。漢語強調意合，結構較鬆散，因此簡單句較多;英語強調形合，結 構較嚴密，因此長句較多。所以漢譯英時要根據需要注意利用連詞、分詞、介詞、不定式、定語從句、獨立結構等把漢語短句連成長句;而英譯漢時又常常要在原句 的關系代詞、關系副詞、主謂連接處、並列或轉折連接處、後續成分與主體的.連接處，以及意群結束處將長句切斷，譯成漢語分句。這樣就可以基本保留英語語序， 順譯全句，順應現代漢語長短句相替、單復句相間的句法修辭原則。

如：

1.Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.

同中國加強合作，符合美國的利益。 (在主謂連接處拆譯)

2.I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.

我要感謝你們無與倫比的盛 情款待。中國人民正是以這種熱情好客而聞明世界的。(在定語從句前拆譯)

3.This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account。

英聯邦各國尤其如此，它們認為英國加入歐共體，將能保證歐共體的政策照顧到它們的利益。(在定 語從句前拆譯)

4.中國是個大國，百分之八十的人口從事農業，但耕地只佔土地面積的十分之一，其餘為山脈、 森林、城鎮和其他用地。 China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.(合譯)

五、正譯法和反譯法

這兩種方法通常用於漢譯英，偶爾也用於英譯漢。所謂正譯，是指把句子按照 與漢語相同的語序或表達方式譯成英語。所謂反譯則是指把句子按照與漢語相反的語序或表達方式譯成英語。正譯與反譯常常具有同義的效果，但反譯往往更符合英 語的思維方式和表達習慣。因此比較地道。

如：

1.在美國，人人都能買到槍。

In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正譯)

In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反譯)

2. 你可以從網際網路上獲得這一信息。

You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正譯)

This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反譯)

(3) 他突然想到了一個新主意。

Suddenly he had a new idea. (正譯)

He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正譯)

A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反譯)

(4) 他仍然沒有弄懂我的意思。

He still could not understand me. (正譯)

Still he failed to understand me. (反譯)

(5) 無論如何，她算不上一位思維敏捷的學生。

She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正譯)

She is anything but a bright student. (反譯)

(6) Please withhold the document for the time being.

請暫時扣下這份文件。(正 譯)

請暫時不要發這份文件。(反譯)

六、倒置法

在漢語中，定語修飾語和狀語修飾語往往位於被修飾語之前;在英語中，許多修飾語常常位於被修飾語之後，因此翻譯時往往要把原文的語序顛倒過來。倒 置法通常用於英譯漢, 即對英語長句按照漢語的習慣表達法進行前後調換，按意群或進行全部倒置，原則是使漢語譯句安排符合現代漢語論理敘事的一般邏輯順序。有時倒置法也用於漢譯 英。

如：

1.At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.

此時此刻，通過現代通信手 段的奇跡，看到和聽到我們講話的人比整個世界歷史上任何其他這樣的場合都要多。(部分倒置)

2.I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.

我堅信，英國依然應該是 歐共體中的一個積極的和充滿活力的成員，這是符合我國人民利益的。(部分倒置)

3.改革開放以來，中國發生了巨大的變化。

Great changes have taken place in China since the introction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)

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5. 英語翻譯技巧和方法

增譯法 指根據英漢兩種語言不同的思維方式、語言習慣和表達方式,在翻譯時增添一些詞、短句或句子,以便更准確地表達出原文所包含的意義。這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。漢語無主句較多,而英語句子一般都要有主語

6. 英譯漢常用的方法技巧

英譯漢常用的方法技巧

在英譯漢的過程中，有哪些好的方法與技巧呢?下面就和我一起來看看吧!

一、一詞多義(Polysemy)

regular

regular reading / regular job / regular flight / regular visitor / regular speed / regular army / gasoline

delicate

delicate skin / porcelain / upbringing / living / health / stomach / vase / diplomatic question / difference / surgical operation / ear for music / sense of smell / touch / food

二、注意有線詞的詞義

He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.

He now saw plainly the meaning of all. In the beginning, he had got a job the first day; but now he was second-hand, a damaged article, and they did not want him. They had got the best out of him, and now they had thrown him away. The situation had now become desperate. Then came another incident.

三、詞義的'引申(Extension or Generalization)

1) Extend the word meaning to cover an abstraction concept

His novel is a mirror of the times.

The OED is the final court of appeal in all matters concerning English words.

Sam knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine.

2) Extend the word meaning to cover a specific concept

In two years, he was a national phenomenon.

Public opinion is demanding more and more that something be done about noise.

Mary’s father, by his first marriage, had a daughter, Jane, Mary’s half-sister.

四、詞義的褒貶(Commendatory and Derogatory)

The reckless driver died in the traffic accident.

Poor Joe’s panic lasted for two or three days; ring which he did not visit the house.

It was time to hold a court and the subject for discussion was the future of that prisoner.

John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well.

The invaders met a stubborn resistance from the local people.

She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone.

Exercises

I have no opinion of that sort of man.

She put five dollars into my hand. “You have been a great man today.”

I’m afraid you’re being too particular about your food.

I was the youngest son, and the youngest but two.

The picture flattered her.

The country not agreeing with her, she returned to England.

五、轉譯成動詞

(一)名詞轉譯動詞(Convert nouns into verbs)

My admiration for him grew more.

He said he did not know whether Tom was ready for a showdown.

To some extent it gets into the question of the chicken or the egg.

The Nobel prizes in physics and chemistry were rewarded to Americans, giving the U.S. a clean sweep of all the 1976 Nobel prizes in the sciences.

Television is the transmission and reception of image of moving objects by radio waves.

In the absence of friction, the vehicle could not even be started.

Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.

I am no drinker, nor smoker.

The application of electronic computers makes a tremendous rise in labor proctivity.

(二)介詞轉譯成動詞(Convert prepositions into verbs)

There are many substances through which electric currents will not flow at all.

We are fortunate in our opponent.

Captain Ford was between the sheets by 9 last night.

The most he is after at this time is a chance to get more money.

I tried to talk him out of the idea, but he was unpleasant.

Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.

“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.

(三)形容詞轉譯成動詞(Convert adjectives into verbs)

He said the meeting was informative.

They were news-hungry.

It was a very informative meeting.

(四)副詞轉譯成動詞(Convert adverbs into verbs)

The experiment in chemistry was ten minutes behind.

It has snowed over.

Why should we let in foreign goods when Americans walk the streets because they can’t sell their own goods?

六、轉譯成名詞

(一)動詞轉譯成名詞(Convert verbs into nouns)

She knows what’s what.

They thought differently.

TV differs from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.

The computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computations.

He roared, which threatened his enemies away.

The man I saw at the party looked and talked like an American.

(二)形容詞轉譯成名詞

The new treaty would be good for ten years.

The language of the poem is colloquial, yet it’s deep in its understanding of human emotions.

Then the monkeys were trained according to different plans so as to make them highly indivialized.

Everyday experience shows us that heavy objects are more stable than light ones.

七、轉譯成形容詞

名詞轉譯成形容詞

Their physical experiment was a success.

The nuclear power system designed in China is of great precision.

Said a New York bullion trader, “The market’s gone banana.”

He found on this issue, as on Taiwan, an identity of approach.

In Europe, his name was well known, if not a household word.

八、其他詞類轉譯

副詞轉譯成名詞

The air-conditioning unit is shown schematically on Page 2.

Oxygen is one of the important elements in the physical world, it is very active chemically.

The image must be dimensionally correct.

九、大量的英語被動句要化成漢語的主動句

1. He said the pact had now been reced to less than a shadow.

2. She had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on these reported plans.

3. What has just been written runs the risk of oversimplification.

4. Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market.

十、以by為著眼點，進行多種譯文

1. But real influence is not built up by striking attitude or by throwing insults.

2. Its sincerity is illustrated not only by its proposal but also by its deeds.

3. What I like best are the stern cliffs, with ranges of mountains soaring behind them, full of possibilities, peaks to be scaled only by the most daring.

4. Many expect that he will be outed by one of his rivals.

5. He said he was assured by the State Department that the U.S. is willing to normalize relations with his country.

十一、“it + be + p.p. + that clause”的句型，常以下列形式表達

1. It should be noted that he and she were academically more than just friends.

2. It should be understood that to err is human.

十二、漢譯中需用被動式時，也最好多找一些字眼來取代“被”字

1. The visitor was flattered and impressed.

2. Everybody was fed up with her gossip.

3. He was set upon by two naked men.

4. If the expenditure is really necessary, the money can be found somehow.

5. He was released immediately after Batista fled Cuba.

十三、名詞、動名詞前增補動詞

1. We often go to the school-run factory for labor.

2. Testing is a complicated problem and long experience is required for its mastery.

十四、英語抽象名詞的翻譯

1. He was still reluctant to talk substance.

2. Many changes take place ring the transformation.

3. Her indifference kept all the visitors away from the exhibition hall.

4. From the evaporation of water people know that liquid can turn into gases under certain conditions.

十五、將具體形象的詞譯成該形象所具有的屬性和特徵，這是一種引申，需增詞

1. It was a Godsend to him.

2. If you dare to play the fox with me, I’ll shoot you at once.

十六、增添“概括”性的詞

1. He had slept there before, in July and again in October.

2. Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health.

3. The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area.

4. Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

5. This report summed up the achievements in technology and ecation.

十七、英文中為避免重復而省略之詞，漢譯時需補上，作必要的重復

1. I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.

十八、漢譯文根據原文意思增加一些必要的解釋性文字

1. And he launched into a speech, eloquently advocating his university of the future.

2. Those were the words that were to make the world blossom for, “like Aaron’s rod, with flowers”.

十九、增補量詞

1. Repeat the experiment using a wooden ruler, a piece of glass, a metal spoon, a coin, a piece of paper, a pin, a plastic comb, a key, a pencil, a tin lid and a rubber eraser.

2. On April 24th 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made earth satellite.

二十、增補表示復數含義的詞

1. But that the old workers helped us, we should have failed.

2. The moving parts of a machine are often oiled so that friction may be greatly reced.

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