㈠ 如何區分名詞性從句
名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的主謂結構,它可以在主從復合句中作主語、賓語、
表語、介詞的賓語以及同位語。
1.
主語從句
主語從句可以由連詞that,
wh-疑問詞或名詞性關系詞引導。
⑴由連詞that引導:從句可以位於句首,但常常用形式主語it替代,從句本身則放在
主句後面,如:
That
he
will
come
to
the
party
is
certain.
It
happened
that
the
harvest
was
bad
that
year.
Is
it
true
that
she
has
never
been
there?
通常在口語或非正式文體中,that常可省略,但必須是在用先行詞it的情況下,如:
It』s
a
pity
(that)
you
are
leaving.
⑵由wh-疑問詞引導:從句既可以前置,又可以藉助於先行詞it後置。如:
Who
cleaned
the
meeting
room
is
unknown.
It』s
still
a
question
when
we
shall
have
our
sports
meet.
It
is
uncertain
whether
he
will
come.
注意:在疑問句中,wh-疑問詞所引導的從句不能位於句首,如:
Is
it
known
where
she
went?
⑶主語從句也可由名詞性關系詞引導,這類從句只能位於句首,如:
Where
she
went
was
Los
Angeles.
What
will
be,
will
be.
Whomever
you
invite
will
be
welcome.
2.
賓語從句
⑴賓語從句可用that引導,這時that僅起連接作用,不充當從句中的成分。如果連接詞
要在從句中起語法作用,就要使用連接詞what等來引導從句。
I
believe
that
he
is
honest.
We
fully
understood
what
he
meant.
⑵有些形容詞的後面也可跟賓語從句。這類形容詞有:certain,
afraid,
aware,
sorry,
sure,
worried等。如:
I』m
afraid
that
you
are
wrong
on
this
point.
I
am
aware
that
you
have
been
exceptionally
kind
to
me.
⑶賓語從句也可以用how,
when,
who,
which,
where,
why等詞引出,此時即使主句是一
個疑問句,賓語從句也必須保持陳述句的語序。如:
Go
and
ask
why
he
was
late
yesterday.
Can
you
tell
me
where
the
hospital
is?
⑷跟在介詞後面的賓語從句一般不能由that來引出,只限於except,
in,
but,
besides,
save
等五個介詞的賓語從句,其它介詞後面不能跟由that引出的賓語從句,而只能跟由what,
how,
whether等引出的賓語從句。
You
are
wrong
in
that
you
took
effect
for
cause.
I
would
go
with
you,
except
that
I
have
to
work
that
day.
They
were
arguing
about
what
was
to
be
done.
I』m
thinking
of
whom
I
should
ask
for
help.
3.
表語從句
表語從句通常由that引出,當然how,
why,
where,
when等也可以引出表語從句。常見的
表語從句有下面兩種句型:
⑴"The
reason…that":表示「原因是……」。如:
The
reason
for
leaving
was
that
it
was
too
cold.
⑵"It
(This,
That)
is
because…":表示「這是因為……」,「這是由於……緣故」。如:
This
is
because
iron
contains
more
carbon
than
steel.
4.
同位語從句
同位語從句表示與之同位的名詞中心詞的實際內容。
⑴同位語從句起進一步解釋說明先行詞的作用,通常由that引導。同位語從句的先行詞
通常是一些抽象名詞,如:appeal,
idea,
truth,
fact,
theory,
belief,
plan,
hope,
proposal,
rumor,
suggestion等。
There
is
truth
in
the
old
saying
that
necessity
is
the
mother
of
invention.
⑵由wh-疑問詞引導,如:
I
have
no
idea
when
he
will
come.
It
is
difficult
to
answer
your
question
why
I
did
it.
⑶由名詞性關系詞引導,如:
Fame
and
fortune—what
others
sought
after
with
zest—was
all
rubbish
to
him.
⑷注意同位語和that引導的定語從句的區別:that在同位語從句中只起引導從句的作用,
本身並無意義,也不在句子中擔當任何成分;而定語從句的that既引導從句又充當句子成分。
The
news
that
he
intended
to
come
gave
us
much
pleasure.(同位語從句,that不作句子成
分。)
He
is
the
best
speaker
that
addressed
the
meeting.(定語從句,that在從句中作賓語,指代
的先行詞是主句中的主語。)
㈡ 怎樣區分名詞性從句和定語從句
說白了,名詞性從句就可以看成一個名詞,就是說沒了這個從句,句子就缺了一個成分,可能是主語,可能是賓語,總之缺了一部分,句子不完整。
比如,what
i
need
is
you.
如果少了what
i
need這個句子就缺主語,句子結構就有問題。
而定語從句是說,本來句子是完整的,你加上了一部分,或者是補充內容,或者是限定內容,但它的存在不影響句子的完整性。
比如,the
only
one
who
i
need
is
you.
如果少了who
i
need,省下the
only
one
is
you是個完整的句子,句子結構沒問題。
㈢ 怎麼區分名詞性從句和定語從句
名詞性從句指賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句,顧名思義,從它們充當的成分就可以辨別。
定語從句是跟在名詞後面修飾或限定該名詞的語法成分。
因為 that 引導的同位語從句和定語從句都跟在名詞後面,初學者容易混淆。區別的明顯特徵如下:
1、同位語從句中的 that 只代表一個語法符號,不充當句子成分;定語從句中的 that 在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語,屬於必不可少的語法成分。
2、同位語從句是對前面抽象名詞的具體解釋,而定語從句對包括具體名詞和抽象名詞的限定或描繪。
㈣ 英語中名詞性從句的幾中區別方法
主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句在復合句中起名詞的作用,這四種從句合稱名詞性從句。它們在主句中充當主語、表語、賓語或同位語,都不能用逗號與主句分開。(註:句中劃線部分為從句)
■主語從句
1、定義:先找到句子的謂語,主句的謂語前面的從句,叫做主語從句。
Why he left wasn't important.(wasn't是主句的謂語動詞,why he left做主語從句)
That she became an artist may have been e to her father's influence.(may have been e是主句的謂語動詞,that she became an artist做主語從句)
2、藉助形式主語it,主語從句放在後面
①由that引導的主語從句可以放在主語的位置,這時that不可以省略。例如:That prices will go up is certain.
that主語從句放在句首的情況不是很常見,絕大部分主語從句都藉助形式主語it,主語從句放在後面。
It is strange that he knows nothing about it.
It is a pity that he can't swim.
It happened that he wasn't in that day.
It is said that there has been an earthquake in India.
在口語中,用it做形式主語時,主語從句的that可以省略。
②wh-疑問詞引導的主語從句,可以放在句首(第一組),也可以藉助形式主語it(第二組)。
第一組:When he'll be back depends much on the weather.
How it was done was a mystery.
Whether we'll succeed remains to be seen.
第二組:It is uncertain whether the game will be held.
It's a puzzle how life began.
It doesn't matter much where we live.
Is it known where he went?
■賓語從句
1、定義:及物動詞(第一組)和介詞(第二組)的後面可以接從句做賓語,叫做賓語從句。
第一組I guess(that) we'll leave soon.
He asked when we would be in London.
She informed me (that) she was to send for it the next day.(that可以省略)
I'll tell you what I read in today's paper.
第二組
I'll find out whether she's interested in going.
Can you give us a description of what has happened.
She was shocked by what she had seen.
2、藉助形式賓語it,that引導的賓語從句放在後面。I've heard it said that you have won a scholarship.
分析:it在句中做形式賓語,said做賓語補足語,that you have won a scholarship是真正的賓語。She has seen to it that all the children are well taken care of.
分析:it在句中做形式賓語,that all the children are well taken care of是真正的賓語。
■表語從句
1、定義:系動詞的後面可以接句子做表語,叫做表語從句。
The fact is that she never liked him.
That is not what I meant.
The question is who is responsible for what has happened.
She is no longer what she used to be.
2、注意:
①The reason Hollywood was a good place for making movies was that the sun shines there every day.
分析:the reason做主語時,表語從句用that引導。
②引導表語從句的that一般不省略。
■同位語從句
1、定義:有些名詞的後面可以跟that引導的從句,說明這個名詞的內容,這樣的從句叫做同位語從句。所以,只有可以有內容的名詞才可以接同位語從句,例如:fact,message,idea,possibility,conclusion,thought,news,order,report,rumor等等。
that在從句中不做成分,但是不能省略。
He had the feeling that he would not see her again.I've come to the conclusion that it won't be wise to do so.
2、有時為了保持句子的平衡,同位語從句有時和前面的名詞分開。
The rumor spread that a new school would be built here.
that引導的同位語從句修飾the rumor,但是主句The rumor spread太短,如果把後面的同位語從句放在the rumor後面,主語太長,給人頭重腳輕的感覺。
3、在少數情況下,名詞性從句的其他關聯詞也可以引導同位語從句。但if不可以引導同位語從句。
You have no idea how worried I was.
I have no idea why she left.
There is some doubt whether John will come on time.
在學習名詞性從句時注意下面四點:
一、名詞性從句要用陳述語序,也就是說:①名詞性從句的關聯詞做主語的話,關聯詞後面接謂語動詞;②名詞性從句的關聯詞不做主語的話,關聯詞後面接從句的主語和謂語。
①I don't know who broke the window.(賓語從句中關聯詞who做主語,broke是謂語動詞)
②The little boy told his mother where he found the coin.(賓語從句中關聯詞where不做主語,where後面接主謂部分he found)
二、感嘆句做名詞性從句時語序不做變化
Don't you know how excited I was then?
三、時態的呼應
某些從句(特別是賓語從句)中的動詞時態,常受主句謂語時態的制約。
①如果主句謂語動詞為現在時或將來時,從句中的謂語可以不受影響。例如:
Has he told you when he received the gift?
Will you tell me how you two are getting along?
②如果主語謂語動詞為過去時,從句謂語一般要跟著改為相關的過去時。
I didn't know where they lived.He thought he was working for the people.asked him how long he had been waiting.
③但是,當賓語從句表示永恆真理時謂語可以不變:This proved that the earth is round.
四、當and連接兩個that引導的賓語從句時,and後面的that不可以省略
She promised (that) she would come and see him sometimes and that she would never forget him.句中的第一個that可以省略,為了清楚地表示出第二個that引導的是賓語從句,第二個that不省略。
練習:判斷劃線部分屬哪種名詞性從句
1.It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
2.The foreigner expressed his hope that he was going to visit the Great Wall again.
3.She walked up to where he stood.
4.We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.
5.This is where our problem lies.
6.What they need is a good textbook
7.I don't know who broke the window.
8.She will give whoever needs help a warm welcome.
9.I have no idea whether he has finished his homework.
10.It looks as if it is going to rain.
答案:1、主語從句 2、同位語從句 3、賓語從句 4、賓語從句 5、表語從句 6、主語從句 7、賓語從句 8、賓語從句 9、同位語從句 10、表語從句
㈤ 定語從句和名詞性從句如何區分
最關鍵的一點:名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句,這些從句分別在整個句子中作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。而定語從句在整個句子中作定語,起修飾作用。
具體用法如下:
名詞從句
名詞從句有四類:賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。例如:
賓語從句:I don』t know where he will go.
主語從句:Where he will go is unknown.
表語從句:The problem is how we can get so much money.
同位語從句:We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.
下面幾點是學習名詞從句要加以注意的:
1. whether和if都可以引導賓語從句表達「是否」意,(即引導賓語從句時if和whether
可以互換)但以下幾種名詞從句要用whether(不用if)引導:
(1) 引導主語從句,且在句首時。例:Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但 It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).
(2) 引導表語從句時。例The problem is whether he can get a job.
(3) 引導同位語從句時。例:I have no idea whether he will come.
(4) 介詞後的whether從句。例:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
2. 位於句首引導主語從句的that不可忘。
例如:That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.
3. 在「It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…+
that從句」結構中,that從句謂語有時用(should)do這樣的虛擬語氣形式。
例如:It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.
It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one′s life.
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings(缺點).
4. 在「The reason why…is that…」句式中that不要誤為because.
例如:The reason why he didn′t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.
5. 名詞從句中that,what用法比較:
引導名詞從句的that是連詞,在句中無成份,無意義,而what是連接代詞,what=the thing(s) that.
例如:It was told in yesterday′s newspaper that what the students had done was praised by the factory.
I know that he will study.
I know what he will study.
That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.
What he works hard at is known to us all.
All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(=the person that)he
used to be.他和以前大不相同了。
6. where在名詞從句中的使用特點:
where在名詞從句中有時可以變為「the place where」,有時可以變為「介詞+the place where」 形式。例如:
主從:Where(=The place where)she has gone is still unknown.
賓從:Would you please tell me where(=the place where) Mr Smith lives?
表從:Your dictionary remains where(=in/at the place where)you put.
同位從:Have you any idea where(=of the place where) she is spending her holidays?
7. 無論是哪種名詞從句都是陳述語序。例如:
I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.
當一個特殊疑問句本身就是陳述語序(即「主+謂+(賓)」或「主+系+表」結構),將其變為間接引語(即賓語從句)時,無需改變語序。例如:
What′s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.
Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather. ===========================================================================
定語從句
一、 定語從句與引導詞
定語從句是在復合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做選行詞,
而引導定語從句的詞叫引導詞,有關系代詞和關系副詞兩類。
懂得什麼樣的先行詞後用什麼樣的引導詞是學好定語從句的關鍵。
1. 關系代詞有:that,which,who,whom,whose,在定語從句中作主語、賓語中表語,whose 作定語。代人的有:who,whom,whose,that;代物的有:that,which,whose.例如:
The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人,在定語從句中作主語)
That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人,在定語從句中作賓語,可省略)
I′m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人,在定從中作表語)
A dictionary is a useful book which(=that) tells us the meaning of words(which或that代物,在定從中作主語)
2. 關系副詞有:when(指時間),where(指地點),why(指原因),在定語從句中作狀語。
例如:Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)
The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.
注意:不是表時間的先行詞都用when引導定從,不是表地點的先行詞都用where引導定從。例如:We′ll visit the factory which(=that) makes radios.
(which或that在定從中作主語,where不可用主語,故不可用)
They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.
(which或that在定從中作spent的賓語,when不可作賓語,故不可用)
二、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句和主句之間不用逗號分開,修飾主句中的某一個名詞或名詞片語或代
詞;非限制性定語從句常用逗號和主句隔開,可以修飾主句中的某一個詞,也可修飾整個句子。非限制性定語從句不能用that引導,引導非限制性定語從句的關系詞不能省略。非限制性定語從句例:Li Ping′s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句內容,因前後兩句是因果關系,此時which不可換為as。)
He is good at physics, as is known to us all.=As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句內容,在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe這類結構中as不可換為which)
三、 只用that引導和不用that引導的場合
1. 只用that引導的場合
1) 當先行詞既包括人又包括物時:He talked about the men and the books that attracted him.
2) 指物的先行詞被any, every, only, very, all, no等修飾時:These are the very points that interest me./That′s the only watch that I like most.
3) 指物的先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時:The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.
4) 先行詞是指物的不定代詞all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等時:There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?
5) 先行詞是who時:Who that have seen him does not like him?
2. 不用that的場合如下:
1)非限制性定語從句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long
March .
2)介詞放在關系代詞之前時 This is the man from whom I learnt the news
3)句中出現了that,或先行詞是that時 I have found that which I was looking for.
四、「介詞+關系代詞」用法
1. 介詞的確定應依據定語從句中短語的習慣性搭配,例如:Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是習慣性搭配)
2. 介詞常受先行詞的制約(即介詞和先行詞的搭配),例如:He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)
3. 當關系代詞作「動詞+介詞」固定短語的賓語時,此時因定短語中的介詞不能拆開移到關系代詞前。例如:This is the watch which you′re looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.
五、幾個名詞後的引導詞
1. situation後常用where,in which引導定語從句:Can you imagine a situation where/in
which you can use the word?
2. way(方式,方法)後常用in which或that或how引導定語從句,也可省略:Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?
3. 「the same+名詞」,「such+名詞」,「as+名詞」後通常用as引導定語從句。
例如:I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.
㈥ 怎樣區分各種名詞性從句
簡單的區別方法:在句子中做主語的是主語從句;在及物動詞(片語)或者介詞以及有些表示心理喜怒哀樂等的形容詞後面的名詞從句是賓語從句;在連系動詞後面的是表語從句;在某些名詞後面用來解釋說明其內容的是同位語從句。
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10,12,14,15,16,17,20,21,22,23,24,25,27,28是賓語從句。
8,9,11,13,18,19,26,30,31,33是主語從句。(注意:33題目中在fact後面要加that。)
32是同位語從句。
㈦ 英語中不同名詞性從句的辨別方法
從位置來看:
主語從句:在句首,或者用it作形式主語時,在句末;
賓語從句:在及物動詞或介詞後;
表語從句:在系動詞後;
同位語從句:在名詞後,說明名詞,而且從句結構完整。
㈧ 名詞性從句怎麼辨別
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞性從句的功能相當於名詞片語, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。
主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當從句的成分。
例如:What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什麼,還不清楚。
㈨ 如何判斷名詞性從句有什麼方法句子成份的劃分有那位高手能指教指教嗎
名詞性 從句 就是 名詞 用 從句 的方式表達
「從句」=「名詞」
就是說 名詞性從句 中的 「從句」 就是 說 一個「名詞」而已 因為加了( 一點點 雖然我不認為是一點點 那些人吃飽飯么事做) 修飾的詞 所以 變成了片語 然後 加了個連接詞 就成 「從句」 了
用法么 都說了 「名詞性 從句」 當然 是做 "名詞" 用啦
成分劃分 幫 判斷么 舉例子 就知道類
名詞性 從句 4個類型 主語 賓語 表語 同位語
『主語 從句』就是證明 『從句』就是在說個『主語』
就是 那個 「名詞性 從句」里的「從句」=「名詞」嘛
證明 「名詞」=「主語」
論證『從句』=『主語』
eg:【That we will win the( match) 】is certain.
譯:【我們將贏得這場(比賽)】是確定無疑了
方括弧里就是 『從句』
小括弧里的就是『名詞』
這句句子 主要 就是 說win the match 是吧 (前面那麼多 都是廢話)
所以『從句』=『名詞』是吧
所以是 『名詞性 從句』了是吧
然後 把能去掉的都去掉 (看著這么多就煩)
【前面的詞都無視掉...win the match】is certain
(中文 主+謂+賓 總歸知道的咯 我也不懂語法的 主謂賓 也曉得額 我相信你也一樣)
XX 是 ...(舉中文例子 你 是 誰 ?)
主 謂 ...( 主語 謂語 賓語 ?)
【】里就是『 主語 』了咯
所以 『從句』=『名詞』=『主語』
所以 是『主語 從句』
『賓語 從句』
基本完全 和『主語 從句』一樣 就是 【從句】就是在說『賓語』
證明 【從句】=賓語
eg:I don't know 【what (her father) does】.
譯:我不知道【(她父親)是做什麼的】
()里是賓語
所以 由主語從句 同理
論證得 【從句】=『賓語』
所以 就是『賓語 從句』
『表語 從句』
首先 要知道什麼事『表語』額
(簡單說 就是 廢話)對『主語』起到 解釋 說明的作用 使 主語內容具體化
中文例子:你 是 好人
主語 謂語 表語
(你本來就是好人 很廢話吧)對 『你』 做出了 解釋 說明 使你 具體化成 『好人』(雖然 我不說 你也還是是 好人)
這個是 『表語』
論證 還是 一樣的 證明:【從句】=『表語』
eg:The trouble is 【that I have never done the work before】.
譯:麻煩 是 【我以前從未乾過這個工作】
主語 謂 【表】
(讓你做了 管你以前 做沒做過 沒做過 就現在做額 你說了 就能不做了?那你明天別來上班了)
『同位語 從句』
好吧 不得不說 『同位語』其實 幫 『表語』 差不多 都是 說明 作用
『表語』 是廢話
『同位語』是理想化
eg:(表) 問題 是 [我不知道]
主語 謂語 [表語]
The question is [I don't know]
(同位語) 你 做過 承諾 【-- 你和我永遠在一起】
主語 謂語(動詞) 名詞(賓)【-- 同位語 】
You made a promise【 that you and me will together forever】(那時 我只是 說說而已)
看出不同點了么
[表語] 說的雖然 是廢話 但是 是事實 說明的都是 『具體』 的 名詞
【同位語】么 就是 理想化了 說明 都是 『抽象』 的名詞
ps:連接詞 幫 句子里的單詞 都認識的話 就算不懂語法 也能作題目